# C++ 2011

ISO C++ 2011

This table is based on the table of contents of ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 Doc No: N3290 Date: 2011-04-11 Final Draft International Standard, Standard for Programming Language C++

In this implementation the `-std=gnu++11` or `-std=c++11` flag must be used to enable language and library features. See dialect options. The pre-defined symbol `__cplusplus` is used to check for the presence of the required flag.

This page describes the C++11 support in the GCC 6 series.

C++ 2011 Implementation Status

Section | Description | Status | Comments
--- | --- | --- | ---
18 | Language support
18.1 | General | Y |
18.2 | Types | Y |
18.3 | Implementation properties |  |
18.3.2 | Numeric Limits |  |
18.3.2.3 | Class template `numeric_limits` | Y |
18.3.2.4 | `numeric_limits` members | Y |
18.3.2.5 | `float_round_style` | N |
18.3.2.6 | `float_denorm_style` | N |
18.3.2.7 | `numeric_limits` specializations | Y |
18.3.3 | C Library | Y |
18.4 | Integer types |  |
18.4.1 | Header `<cstdint>` synopsis | Y |
18.5 | Start and termination | Partial | C library dependency for quick_exit, at_quick_exit
18.6 | Dynamic memory management | Y |
18.7 | Type identification |  |
18.7.1 | Class type_info | Y |
18.7.2 | Class bad_cast | Y |
18.7.3 | Class bad_typeid | Y |
18.8 | Exception handling |  |
18.8.1 | Class exception | Y |
18.8.2 | Class bad_exception | Y |
18.8.3 | Abnormal termination | Y |
18.8.4 | `uncaught_exception` | Y |
18.8.5 | Exception Propagation | Y |
18.8.6 | `nested_exception` | Y |
18.9 | Initializer lists |  |
18.9.1 | Initializer list constructors | Y |
18.9.2 | Initializer list access | Y |
18.9.3 | Initializer list range access | Y |
18.10 | Other runtime support | Y |
19 | Diagnostics
19.1 | General | Y |
19.2 | Exception classes | Y |
19.3 | Assertions | Y |
19.4 | Error numbers | Y |
19.5 | System error support |  |
19.5.1 | Class `error_category` | Y |
19.5.2 | Class `error_code` | Y |
19.5.3 | Class `error_condition` | Y |
19.5.4 | Comparison operators | Y |
19.5.5 | Class `system_error` | Y |
20 | General utilities
20.1 | General |  |
20.2 | Utility components |  |
20.2.1 | Operators | Y |
20.2.2 | Swap | Y |
20.2.3 | `forward` and `move` helpers | Y |
20.2.4 | Function template `declval` | Y |
20.3 | Pairs |  |
20.3.1 | In general |  |
20.3.2 | Class template `pair` | Y |
20.3.3 | Specialized algorithms | Y |
20.3.4 | Tuple-like access to `pair` | Y |
20.3.5 | Piecewise construction | Y |
20.4 | Tuples |  |
20.4.1 | In general |  |
20.4.2 | Class template `tuple` |  |
20.4.2.1 | Construction | Y |
20.4.2.2 | Assignment | Y |
20.4.2.3 | Swap | Y |
20.4.2.4 | Tuple creation functions | Y |
20.4.2.5 | Tuple helper classes | Y |
20.4.2.6 | Element access | Y |
20.4.2.7 | Relational operators | Y |
20.4.2.8 | Tuple traits | Y |
20.4.2.9 | Tuple specialized algorithms | Y |
20.5 | Class template `bitset` | Y |
20.5.1 | `bitset` constructors | Y |
20.5.2 | `bitset` members | Y |
20.5.3 | `bitset` hash support | Y |
20.5.4 | `bitset` operators | Y |
20.6 | Memory |  |
20.6.1 | In general |  |
20.6.2 | Header `<memory>` synopsis |  |
20.6.3 | Pointer traits | Y |
20.6.4 | Pointer safety | Y |
20.6.5 | Align | Y |
20.6.6 | Allocator argument tag | Y |
20.6.7 | `uses_allocator` | Y |
20.6.8 | Allocator traits | Y |
20.6.9 | The default allocator | Y |
20.6.10 | Raw storage iterator | Y |
20.6.11 | Temporary buffers | Y |
20.6.12 | Specialized algorithms |  |
20.6.12.1 | `addressof` | Y |
20.6.12.2 | `uninitialized_copy` | Y |
20.6.12.3 | `uninitialized_fill` | Y |
20.6.12.4 | `uninitialized_fill_n` | Y |
20.6.13 | C library | Y |
20.7 | Smart pointers |  |
20.7.1 | Class template `unique_ptr` | Y |
20.7.2 | Shared-ownership pointers | Y |
20.7.2.1 | Class `bad_weak_ptr` | Y |
20.7.2.2 | Class template `shared_ptr` | Y | Uses code from boost::shared_ptr.
20.7.2.3 | Class template `weak_ptr` | Y |
20.7.2.4 | Class template `emable_shared_from_this` | Y |
20.7.2.5 | `shared_ptr` atomic access | Y |
20.7.2.6 | Smart pointer hash support | Y |
20.8 | Function objects |  |
20.8.1 | Definitions |  |
20.8.2 | Requirements |  |
20.8.3 | Class template `reference_wrapper` | Y |
20.8.4 | Arithmetic operation | Y |
20.8.5 | Comparisons | Y |
20.8.6 | Logical operations | Y |
20.8.7 | Bitwise operations | Y |
20.8.8 | Negators | Y |
20.8.9 | Function template `bind` | Y |
20.8.10 | Function template `mem_fn` | Y |
20.8.11 | Polymorphic function wrappers |  |
20.8.11.1 | Class `bad_function_call` | Y |
20.8.11.2 | Class template `function` | Partial | Missing allocator support
20.8.12 | Class template `hash` | Y |
20.9 | Metaprogramming and type traits |  |
20.9.1 | Requirements | Y |
20.9.2 | Header `<type_traits>` synopsis |  |
20.9.3 | Helper classes | Y |
20.9.4 | Unary Type Traits | Y |
20.9.4.1 | Primary type categories | Y |
20.9.4.2 | Composite type traits | Y |
20.9.4.3 | Type properties | Y |
20.9.5 | Type property queries | Y |
20.9.6 | Relationships between types | Y |
20.9.7 | Transformations between types |  |
20.9.7.1 | Const-volatile modifications | Y |
20.9.7.2 | Reference modifications | Y |
20.9.7.3 | Sign modifications | Y |
20.9.7.4 | Array modifications | Y |
20.9.7.5 | Pointer modifications | Y |
20.9.7.6 | Other transformations | Y |
20.10 | Compile-time rational arithmetic |  |
20.10.1 | In general |  |
20.10.2 | Header `<ratio>` synopsis |  |
20.10.3 | Class template `ratio` | Y |
20.10.4 | Arithmetic on `ratio`s | Y |
20.10.5 | Comparison of `ratio`s | Y |
20.10.6 | SI types for `ratio` | Y |
20.11 | Time utilities |  |
20.11.3 | Clock requirements | Y |
20.11.4 | Time-related traits |  |
20.11.4.1 | `treat_as_floating_point` | Y |
20.11.4.2 | `duration_values` | Y |
20.11.4.3 | Specializations of `common_type` | Y |
20.11.5 | Class template `duration` | Y |
20.11.6 | Class template `time_point` | Y |
20.11.7 | Clocks |  |
20.11.7.1 | Class `system_clock` | Y |
20.11.7.2 | Class `steady_clock` | Y |
20.11.7.3 | Class `high_resolution_clock` | Y |
20.11.8 | Date and time functions | Y |
20.12 | Scoped allocator adaptor | Y |
20.12.1 | Header `<scoped_allocator>` synopsis |  |
20.12.2 | Scoped allocator adaptor member types | Y |
20.12.3 | Scoped allocator adaptor constructors | Y |
20.12.4 | Scoped allocator adaptor members | Partial | OUTERMOST is not recursive.
20.12.5 | Scoped allocator operators | Y |
20.13 | Class `type_index` | Y |
21 | Strings
21.1 | General | Y |
21.2 | Character traits |  |
21.2.1 | Character traits requirements | Y |
21.2.2 | traits typedefs | Y |
21.2.3 | `char_traits` specializations |  |
21.2.3.1 | struct `char_traits<char>` | Y |
21.2.3.2 | struct `char_traits<char16_t>` | Y |
21.2.3.3 | struct `char_traits<char32_t>` | Y |
21.2.3.4 | struct `char_traits<wchar_t>` | Y |
21.3 | String classes | Y |
21.4 | Class template `basic_string` | Y |
21.5 | Numeric Conversions | Y |
21.6 | Hash support | Y |
21.7 | Null-terminated sequence utilities | Partial | C library dependency. Missing `<cuchar>`
22 | Localization
22.1 | General | Y |
22.2 | Header `<locale>` synopsis | Y |
22.3 | Locales |  |
22.3.1 | Class `locale` | Y |
22.3.2 | `locale` globals | Y |
22.3.3 | Convenience interfaces |  |
22.3.3.1 | Character classification | Y |
22.3.3.2 | Conversions |  |
22.3.3.2.1 | Character conversions | Y |
22.3.3.2.2 | `string` conversions | Y |
22.3.3.2.3 | Buffer conversions | Y |
22.4 | Standard `locale` categories |  |
22.4.1 | The `ctype` category | Y |
22.4.2 | The numeric category |  |
22.4.2.1 | `num_get` | Y |
22.4.2.2 | `num_put` | Y |
22.4.3 | The numeric punctuation facet | Y |
22.4.4 | The collate category | Y |
22.4.5 | The time category |  |
22.4.5.1 | Class template `time_get` | Y |
22.4.5.2 | Class template `time_get_byname` | Y |
22.4.5.3 | Class template `time_put` | Y |
22.4.5.3 | Class template `time_put_byname` | Y |
22.4.6 | The monetary category |  |
22.4.6.1 | Class template `money_get` | Y |
22.4.6.2 | Class template `money_put` | Y |
22.4.6.3 | Class template `money_punct` | Y |
22.4.6.4 | Class template `money_punct_byname` | Y |
22.4.7 | The message retrieval category | Y |
22.4.8 | Program-defined facets | Y |
22.5 | Standard code conversion facets | Y |
22.6 | C Library Locales | Y |
23 | Containers
23.1 | General |  |
23.2 | Container requirements |  |
23.2.1 | General container requirements | Partial | `list` does not meet the requirements relating to allocator use and propagation.
23.2.2 | Container data races | Y |
23.2.3 | Sequence containers | Y |
23.2.4 | Associative containers | Y |
23.2.5 | Unordered associative containers | Y |
23.3 | Sequence containers |  |
23.3.2 | Class template `array` | Y |
23.3.3 | Class template `deque` | Y |
23.3.4 | Class template `forward_list` | Y |
23.3.5 | Class template `list` | Partial | Incomplete allocator support.
23.3.6 | Class template `vector` | Y |
23.3.7 | Class `vector<bool>` | Y |
23.4 | Associative containers |  |
23.4.4 | Class template `map` | Y |
23.4.5 | Class template `multimap` | Y |
23.4.6 | Class template `set` | Y |
23.4.7 | Class template `multiset` | Y |
23.5 | Unordered associative containers |  |
23.5.4 | Class template `unordered_map` | Y |
23.5.5 | Class template `unordered_multimap` | Y |
23.5.6 | Class template `unordered_set` | Y |
23.5.7 | Class template `unordered_multiset` | Y |
23.6 | Container adaptors |  |
23.6.1 | Class template `queue` | Y |
23.6.2 | Class template `priority_queue` | Y |
23.6.3 | Class template `stack` | Y |
24 | Iterators
24.1 | General | Y |
24.2 | Iterator requirements | Y |
24.3 | Header `<iterator>` synopsis | Y |
24.4 | Iterator primitives | Y |
24.5 | Iterator adaptors |  |
24.5.1 | Reverse iterators | Y |
24.5.2 | Insert iterators | Y |
24.5.3 | Move iterators | Y |
24.6 | Stream iterators |  |
24.6.1 | Class template `istream_iterator` | Y |
24.6.2 | Class template `ostream_iterator` | Y |
24.6.3 | Class template `istreambuf_iterator` | Y |
24.6.4 | Class template `ostreambuf_iterator` | Y |
24.6.5 | range access | Y |
25 | Algorithms
25.1 | General |  |
25.2 | Non-modifying sequence operations | Y |
25.3 | Mutating sequence operations | Y |
25.4 | Sorting and related operations | Y |
25.5 | C library algorithms | Y |
26 | Numerics
26.1 | General | Y |
26.2 | Numeric type requirements | Y |
26.3 | The floating-point environment | Y |
26.4 | Complex numbers | Y |
26.5 | Random number generation |  |
26.5.1 | Requirements |  |
26.5.2 | Header `<random>` synopsis |  |
26.5.3 | Random number engine class templates |  |
26.5.3.1 | Class template `linear_congruential_engine` | Y |
26.5.3.2 | Class template `mersenne_twister_engine` | Y |
26.5.3.3 | Class template `subtract_with_carry_engine` | Y |
26.5.4 | Random number engine adaptor class templates |  |
26.5.4.2 | Class template `discard_block_engine` | Y |
26.5.4.3 | Class template `independent_bits_engine` | Y |
26.5.4.4 | Class template `shuffle_order_engine` | Y |
26.5.5 | Engines and engine adaptors with predefined parameters | Y |
26.5.6 | Class `random_device` | Y |
26.5.7 | Utilities |  |
26.5.7.1 | Class `seed_seq` | Y |
26.5.7.2 | Function template `generate_canonical` | Y |
26.5.8 | Random number distribution class templates |  |
26.5.8.2 | Uniform distributions |  |
26.5.8.2.1 | Class template `uniform_int_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.2.2 | Class template `uniform_real_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.3 | Bernoulli distributions |  |
26.5.8.3.1 | Class `bernoulli_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.3.2 | Class template `binomial_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.3.3 | Class template `geometric_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.3.4 | Class template `negative_binomial_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.4 | Poisson distributions |  |
26.5.8.4.1 | Class template `poisson_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.4.2 | Class template `exponential_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.4.3 | Class template `gamma_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.4.4 | Class template `weibull_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.4.5 | Class template `extreme_value_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5 | Normal distributions |  |
26.5.8.5.1 | Class template `normal_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5.2 | Class template `lognormal_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5.3 | Class template `chi_squared_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5.4 | Class template `cauchy_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5.5 | Class template `fisher_f_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.5.6 | Class template `student_t_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.6 | Sampling distributions |  |
26.5.8.6.1 | Class template `discrete_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.6.2 | Class template `piecewise_constant_distribution` | Y |
26.5.8.6.3 | Class template `piecewise_linear_distribution` | Y |
26.6 | Numeric arrays |  |
26.6.1 | Header `<valarray>` synopsis | Y |
26.6.2 | Class template `valarray` | Y |
26.6.3 | `valarray` non-member operations | Y |
26.6.4 | Class `slice` | Y |
26.6.5 | Class template `slice_array` | Y |
26.6.6 | The `gslice` class | Y |
26.6.7 | Class template `gslice_array` | Y |
26.6.8 | Class template `mask_array` | Y |
26.6.9 | Class template `indirect_array` | Y |
26.6.10 | `valarray` range access | Y |
26.7 | Generalized numeric operations |  |
26.7.1 | Header `<numeric>` synopsis | Y |
26.7.2 | `accumulate` | Y |
26.7.3 | `inner_product` | Y |
26.7.4 | `partial_sum` | Y |
26.7.5 | `adjacent_difference` | Y |
26.7.6 | iota | Y |
26.8 | C Library | Y |
27 | Input/output library
27.1 | General | Y |
27.2 | Iostreams requirements | Y |
27.2.1 | Imbue Limitations | Y |
27.2.2 | Positioning Type Limitations | Y |
27.2.3 | Thread safety | Partial |
27.3 | Forward declarations | Y |
27.4 | Standard iostream objects | Y |
27.4.1 | Overview | Y |
27.4.2 | Narrow stream objects | Y |
27.4.3 | Wide stream objects | Y |
27.5 | Iostreams base classes | Y |
27.6 | Stream buffers | Y |
27.7 | Formatting and manipulators | Y |
27.8 | String-based streams | Y |
27.9 | File-based streams | Y |
28 | Regular expressions
28.1 | General | Y |
28.2 | Definitions | Y |
28.3 | Requirements | Y |
28.4 | Header `<regex>` synopsis | Y |
28.5 | Namespace `std::regex_constants` | Y |
28.6 | Class `regex_error` | Y |
28.7 | Class template `regex_traits` | Partial | `transform_primary` is not correctly implemented |
28.8 | Class template `basic_regex` | Y |
28.9 | Class template `sub_match` | Y |
28.10 | Class template `match_results` | Y |
28.11 | Regular expression algorithms | Y |
28.12 | Regular expression Iterators | Y |
28.13 | Modified ECMAScript regular expression grammar | Y |
29 | Atomic operations
29.1 | General | Y |
29.2 | Header `<atomic>` synopsis | Y |
29.3 | Order and consistency | Partial |
29.4 | Lock-free property | Y |
29.5 | Atomic types | Y |
29.6 | Operations on atomic types | Y |
29.7 | Flag Type and operations | Y |
29.8 | Fences | Y |
30 | Thread support
30.1 | General | Y |
30.2 | Requirements | Y |
30.3 | Threads |  |
30.3.1 | Class `thread` | Partial | `thread::id` comparisons not well-defined
30.3.2 | Namespace `this_thread` | Y |
30.4 | Mutual exclusion |  |
30.4.1 | Mutex requirements |  |
30.4.1.1 | In general |  |
30.4.1.2 | Mutex types |  |
30.4.1.2.1 | Class `mutex` | Y |
30.4.1.2.2 | Class `recursive_mutex` | Y |
30.4.1.3 | Timed mutex types |  | On POSIX sytems these types are only defined if the OS supports the POSIX Timeouts option.
30.4.1.3.1 | Class `timed_mutex` | Y |
30.4.1.3.2 | Class `recursive_timed_mutex` | Y |
30.4.2 | Locks |  |
30.4.2.1 | Class template `lock_guard` | Y |
30.4.2.2 | Class template `unique_lock` | Y |
30.4.3 | Generic locking algorithms | Y |
30.4.4 | Call once |  |
30.4.4.1 | Struct `once_flag` | Y |
30.4.4.2 | Function `call_once` | Y |
30.5 | Condition variables | Y |
30.5.1 | Class `condition_variable` | Y |
30.5.2 | Class `condition_variable_any` | Y |
30.6 | Futures |  |
30.6.1 | Overview |  |
30.6.2 | Error handling | Y |
30.6.3 | Class `future_error` | Y |
30.6.4 | Shared state | Y |
30.6.5 | Class template `promise` | Y |
30.6.6 | Class template `future` | Y |
30.6.7 | Class template `shared_future` | Y |
30.6.8 | Function template `async` | Y |
30.6.9 | Class template `packaged_task` | Y |
Appendix D | Compatibility features
D.1 | Increment operator with `bool` operand |  |
D.2 | `register` keyword |  |
D.3 | Implicit declaration of copy functions |  |
D.4 | Dynamic exception specifications |  |
D.5 | C standard library headers |  |
D.6 | Old iostreams members |  |
D.7 | `char*` streams |  |
D.8 | Function objects |  |
D.9 | Binders |  |
D.10 | `auto_ptr` |  |
D.11 | Violating exception-specifications |  |

## Implementation Specific Behavior

For behaviour which is also specified by the 1998 and 2003 standards, see C++ 1998/2003 Implementation Specific Behavior. This section only documents behaviour which is new in the 2011 standard.

20.7.2.2.1 [util.smartptr.shared.const] Only bad_alloc (or types derived from it) will be thrown.

20.8.9.1.3 [func.bind.place]/1 There are 29 placeholders defined and the placeholder types are `CopyAssignable`.

21.2.3.2 [char.traits.specializations.char16_t], 21.2.3.3 [char.traits.specializations.char32_t] The types u16streampos and u32streampos are both synonyms for fpos<mbstate_t>. The function `eof` returns `int_type(-1)`.

22.4.5.1.2 [locale.time.get.virtuals], 22.4.5.3.2 [locale.time.put.virtuals] Additional supported formats should be documented here.

22.4.7.1.2 [locale.messages.virtuals] The mapping should be documented here.

23.5.4.2 [unord.map.cnstr], 23.5.5.2 [unord.multimap.cnstr], 23.5.6.2 [unord.set.cnstr], 23.5.7.2 [unord.multiset.cnstr] The default minimal bucket count is 0 for the default constructors, range constructors and initializer-list constructors.

25.3.12 [alg.random.shuffle] The two-argument overload of `random_shuffle` uses `rand` as the source of randomness.

26.5.5 [rand.predef] The type default_random_engine is a synonym for minstd_rand0.

26.5.6 [rand.device] The default `token` argument to the random_device constructor is `"default"`. Other valid arguments are `"/dev/random"` and `"/dev/urandom"`, which determine the character special file to read random bytes from. The `"default"` token will read bytes from a hardware RNG if available (currently this only supports the IA-32 RDRAND instruction) otherwise it is equivalent to `"/dev/urandom"`. An exception of type runtime_error will be thrown if a random_device object cannot open or read from the source of random bytes.

26.5.8.1 [rand.dist.general] The algorithms used by the distributions should be documented here.

26.8 [c.math] Whether the `rand` function introduces data races depends on the C library as the function is not provided by libstdc++.

28.5.1 [re.synopt], 28.5.2 [re.matchflag] , 28.5.3 [re.err] `syntax_option_type`, `match_flag_type` and `error_type` are unscoped enumeration types.

28.7 [re.traits] The `blank` character class corresponds to the `ctype_base::blank` mask.

30.2.3 [thread.req.native]/1 native_handle_type and native_handle are provided. The handle types are defined in terms of the Gthreads abstraction layer, although this is subject to change at any time. Any use of native_handle is inherently non-portable and not guaranteed to work between major releases of GCC.

- thread: The native handle type is a typedef for `__gthread_t` i.e. `pthread_t` when GCC is configured with the `posix` thread model. The value of the native handle is undefined for a thread which is not joinable.

- mutex and timed_mutex: The native handle type is `__gthread_mutex_t*` i.e. `pthread_mutex_t*` for the `posix` thread model.

- recursive_mutex and recursive_timed_mutex: The native handle type is `__gthread_recursive_mutex_t*` i.e. `pthread_mutex_t*` for the `posix` thread model.

- condition_variable: The native handle type is `__gthread_cond_t*` i.e. `pthread_cond_t*` for the `posix` thread model.

30.6.1 [futures.overview]/2 `launch` is a scoped enumeration type with overloaded operators to support bitmask operations. There are no additional bitmask elements defined.